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When screening tests or ultrasound findings suggest an increased risk of a chromosomal, genetic or fetal condition, an invasive prenatal diagnostic procedure may be considered. These procedures are performed under ultrasound guidance after counselling regarding the indication, potential benefits, limitations and possible risks.
CVS involves obtaining a small sample of placental tissue for genetic or chromosomal analysis.
It is generally performed earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis and may be considered when early definitive genetic diagnosis is required.
Amniocentesis involves obtaining a small amount of amniotic fluid through a fine needle under ultrasound guidance. The sample can be used for chromosomal, genetic or other specialised testing depending on the clinical indication.
Fetal blood sampling involves obtaining a fetal blood sample, usually from the umbilical cord, under ultrasound guidance. It is used only for selected indications where direct assessment of fetal blood is required.
In pregnancies at risk of maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility, specialised testing and monitoring can help assess the possibility of fetal anaemia or other complications.