A Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) assesses different aspects of lung function. Depending on the test requested, patients may breathe through a mouthpiece connected to specialised equipment to measure airflow, lung volumes and gas transfer. Diffusion capacity testing such as DLCO provides additional information about how effectively gases move between the lungs and bloodstream.

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) measures the distance a person can walk over six minutes under standardised conditions and provides useful information about functional exercise capacity. Oxygen saturation and other clinical parameters may also be monitored during the test depending on the patient's condition.

Biologic therapy may be considered for selected patients with severe asthma that remains inadequately controlled despite appropriate standard treatment. The pulmonologist evaluates the patient's asthma pattern, previous exacerbations, current medications and relevant biomarkers before determining whether a biologic treatment is suitable.

Eligibility depends on age, smoking exposure and other clinical considerations. One widely used evidence-based guideline recommends annual low-dose CT screening for adults aged 50–80 years who have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or stopped within the previous 15 years. Screening should be discussed with a doctor so individual benefits and risks can be assessed.

Medical thoracoscopy or pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to directly inspect the pleural space surrounding the lungs. It allows pulmonologists to obtain targeted pleural biopsies and, in selected patients, perform therapeutic procedures such as pleurodesis.

It may be recommended for patients with unexplained recurrent pleural effusion, suspected pleural malignancy or other pleural abnormalities when previous investigations have not provided a definite diagnosis.